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​Rules of Inference

Logic provides tools to think clearly, evaluate arguments, and reach conclusions that make sense. Rules of inference show how premises lead to valid conclusions, helping us determine whether reasoning is correct. They guide us in constructing strong arguments and identifying errors or weaknesses in others’ reasoning. By using these rules, we can make decisions and draw conclusions based on solid, logical thinking rather than assumptions or flawed logic.

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Rules of inference are essential principles in logic that guide the reasoning process from premises to conclusions. They serve as a formal framework for determining whether an argument is valid and whether its conclusions are supported by its premises. By applying these rules, we can systematically analyze the structure of arguments, detect errors, and avoid invalid reasoning.

These rules are not just abstract concepts—they are practical tools for everyday decision-making, problem-solving, and critical thinking. They help us:

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  • Identify strong vs. weak arguments

  • Recognize fallacies and inconsistencies

  • Build coherent, persuasive reasoning

  • Evaluate claims and evidence in discussions, debates, and academic work

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In essence, rules of inference allow us to think clearly, reason accurately, and draw reliable conclusions, making them a cornerstone of logic, philosophy, and effective communication.

​Methodologies for Assessing Arguments

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About Me

​My name is Alejandro Perez, and as a student-athlete I’ve learned that balancing academics, athletics, and personal growth requires discipline and clear thinking. This semester has challenged me to manage my time better and develop stronger critical-thinking skills, especially through my philosophy and logic coursework. Outside the classroom, I enjoy improving my athletic performance and surrounding myself with people who motivate me.

Looking back on the semester, I’ve noticed how logic has influenced my decision-making. The class taught me how to analyze arguments, recognize fallacies, and understand structured reasoning. These skills help me communicate more effectively with coaches, professors, teammates, and even in everyday life.

In the future, I hope to continue my education and pursue opportunities connected to athletics and leadership. Logic has shown me the value of clear reasoning, something I plan to use in any future career, whether in sports, business, or a leadership role.​

Video on Methodologies for Assessing Arguments

HERE'S THE PDF

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Rules Of Inference
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Copi, Irving M., Carl Cohen, and Kenneth McMahon. *Introduction to Logic*. 14th ed., Routledge, 2014.

“Disjunction Elimination.” *Wikipedia*, Wikimedia Foundation, last revised 27 Sept. 2025, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjunction_elimination.

“Rules of Inference and Logic Proofs.” *Millersville University*, sites.millersville.edu/bikenaga/math-proof/rules-of-inference/rules-of-inference.html.

“Rule of Inference.” *Wikipedia*, Wikimedia Foundation, last revised 30 Sept. 2025, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_inference

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